Estrategias de afrontamiento de las enfermeras de unidades de cuidados intensivos frente a la muerte de sus pacientes

Las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) son las unidades más sofisticadas de los hospitales. Los pacientes ingresados en ellas presentan un estado de salud crítico y, a pesar de que el principal objetivo es restablecer la salud, la muerte es un hecho que ocurre de manera frecuente, además de ser una realidad incontestable a la que todas las personas vamos a llegar en algún momento. Por tanto, las enfermeras que trabajan en estas unidades han de enfrentarse al fallecimiento de sus pacientes, lo que desencadena en ellas diversas reacciones emocionales que, en caso de no ser manejadas de forma correcta, pueden llevar a generar ansiedad, estrés u otros sentimientos negativos. Las estrategias de afrontamiento son esfuerzos tanto cognitivos como conductuales que pueden emplear las enfermeras para manejar esta situación, y se pueden categorizar en base a diferentes criterios. La presente revisión tiene por objeto investigar la literatura existente acerca de las distintas estrategias de afrontamiento que llevan a cabo las enfermeras que trabajan en unidades de cuidados intensivos.Intensive Care Units (ICU) are the most sophisticated units in a hospital. Patients admitted in these units present a critical health condition, and although the main objective of ICUs is to restore health, death is a fact that occurs frequently, in addition to being an incontestable reality which everyone will reach at some point. Therefore, nurses who work in these units must face the death of their patients, generating various emotional reactions in them. If these reactions are not managed properly, they can lead to anxiety, stress, and other negative feelings. Coping strategies are both cognitive and behavioural efforts which nurses can use to manage this situation, and they can be categorized based on different criteria. The purpose of this review is to investigate the existing literature about the different coping strategies carried out by nurses who work in intensive care units

Photodegradation of nimodipine and felodipine in microheterogeneous systems

Indexación: Web of Science; ScieloThe photochemical behavior of nimodipine (NIMO) and felodipine (FELO), photolabile drugs widely used as antihypertensive calcium channel blockers, is studied in constrained media. Specifically, we are interested in the kinetic analysis of 4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridine photodegradation processes when they are incorporated in biological-mimicking systems like micelles or liposomes. In order to establish if the nature of the head of surfactant (ionic or nonionic) could be important modulating the photo-reactivity of these drugs, we studied the photodegradation of NIMO and FELO incorporated in micelles formed with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, anionic), dodecyl-pyridinium chloride (DPC, cationic) and mono lauryl sucrose ester (MLS, nonionic) as surfactants. Additionally, the results of the photodegradation of these compounds in liposomes were also included. The results clearly indicate that both dihydropyridines studied, NIMO and FELO, are located near to the interface, but the surface charge of micelles does not affect neither, the photodegradation rate constant nor the photodegradation products profile. The absence of singlet oxygen generation in micellar media is consistent with the proposition of these 4-aryl-1,4-dihidropyridines located near to the interface of the micelle, where a polar environment is sensed. In addition, the ethanol preferential location on membranes and dihydropyridine enhanced photodegradation by alcohol presence are interesting results to consider in future research.http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-97072012000300025&nrm=is

Empirical Tool for the Assessment of Annual Overtopping Probabilities of Dams

[EN] This paper presents a simple tool for the assessment of maximum overtopping probabilities of dams. The tool is based on empirical relations between the overtopping probability and the basic hydrological and hydraulic characteristics of the dam-reservoir system: the unit storage capacity, VF*, and the unit spillway capacity, QCap*, both weighted with the relative importance of the 1,000-year flood. The surface issued from the tool represents the limit above which no VF*-QCap* combination is statistically expected to offer a higher probability. The tool was calibrated using the detailed overtopping models of 342,233 synthetic cases generated from 30 existing dams and then validated against a set of 21 independent cases. The tool is useful when analyzing a portfolio of dams in previous screening phases of dam risk analysis. It aims at identifying overtopping as a relevant failure mode and easily classifying each dam in terms of its overtopping probability. The tool is also a support for the definition and prioritization of corrective measures since it assesses their impact in the overtopping probability reduction.Fluixá-Sanmartín, J.; Altarejos-García, L.; Morales-Torres, A.; Escuder Bueno, I. (2019). Empirical Tool for the Assessment of Annual Overtopping Probabilities of Dams. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 145(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001017S112145

Experimental Study on the Evaluation of Necking and Fracture Strains in Sheet Metal Forming Processes

In this paper the formability of AA2024-T3 metal sheets is experimentally analyzed. For this purpose, a series of StretchBending and Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) tests are carried out. The former tests allow determine the formability limits through the evaluation of necking and fracture using the optical deformation measurement system ARAMIS® and measuring the thickness strains along the fracture line. The latter are performed with the aim of confirming the validity of these limits. In this case, the spifability, formability in Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF), was studied in the light of circle grid analysis by means of the 3D deformation digital measurement system ARGUS®. Different punch diameters are used in both processes. The results exhibit the importance of the accuracy in the setting of the formability limits as well as the variability that these limits present depending on the forming process or some variables such as the tool radius.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación DPI 2009-1333

Psychological therapies to treat chronic pain

A pesar de que existe abundante literatura que muestra la efectividad del tratamiento cognitivo-conductual del dolor crónico, en nuestro país, se carecía de un manual del mismo. Por este motivo, diseñamos un protocolo donde se describen las diferentes técnicas de dicha terapia. En el presente artículo, realizamos una detallada descripción del mismo. Antes de adentrarnos en la terapia cognitivo-conductual, presentamos una revisión de las principales terapias psicológicas que se emplean en el tratamiento del dolor crónico.Although there is abundant literature showing the effectiveness of cognitive treatment of chronic pain, in our country, there was no manual for it. For this reason, we designed a protocol that describes the various techniques of this therapy. In this article, we conducted a detailed description. Before dealing with cognitive-behavioral therapy, we present a review of the main psychological therapies used in the treatment of chronic pain.Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo PI05196

Differences in maternal and neonatal cardiometabolic markers and placenta status by foetal sex. The GESTAFIT project

Aims: To explore the differences in some maternal-neonatal metabolic markers and placenta status by foetal sex. Methods: One hundred thirty-nine Caucasian pregnant women from the GESTAFIT project and their new-borns were included in the present cross-sectional study. Serum cardiometabolic markers (i.e. lipid and glycaemic profile and uric acid) were analysed at late pregnancy and at birth. In placenta, telomeres length, proportion of deleted mitochondrial-DNA and mitochondrial-DNA density, some minerals and interleukin 8, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor were measured. The study was run between November 2015 and April 2018. Results: Mothers carrying a male showed higher serum triglycerides than mothers carrying a female at late pregnancy (p < .05). Serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were greater in males’ umbilical cord blood artery compared to females’ new-borns (both, p < .05). Mothers of males and male new-borns presented higher uric acid than mothers of females and female new-borns at birth (p < .05). Female’s placentas presented greater placental-newborn weight ratio, manganese content and fibroblast growth factor-2 (all, p ⩽ .05), and evidence of statistical significance in telomeres length, which were 17% longer (p = .076). Conclusion: Our findings show weak differences in some cardiometabolic and placental status markers by foetal sex. Notwithstanding, we observed a slightly more proatherogenic profile in both, mothers carrying males’ foetuses and male new-borns. We also found lower serum uric acid and better placenta status in mothers carrying a female. These findings indicate that foetal sex might need to be considered for a more personalized follow-up of pregnancies.Regional Ministry of Health, Junta de Andalucia PI-0395-2016University of GranadaJunta de AndaluciaEuropean Commission SOMM17/6107/UGRPlan Propio de Investigacion 2016, Excellence actions (Units of Excellence: Unit of Excellence in Exercise and Health

Review article: Climate change impacts on dam safety

[EN] Dams as well as protective dikes and levees are critical infrastructures whose associated risk must be properly managed in a continuous and updated process. Usually, dam safety management has been carried out assuming stationary climatic and non-climatic conditions. However, the projected alterations due to climate change are likely to affect different factors driving dam risk. Although some reference institutions develop guidance for including climate change in their decision support strategies, related information is still vast and scattered and its application to specific analyses such as dam safety assessments remains a challenge. This article presents a comprehensive and multidisciplinary review of the impacts of climate change that could affect dam safety. 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Portable Instrument for Hemoglobin Determination Using Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Carbon Dots

A portable reconfigurable platform for hemoglobin determination based on inner filter quenching of room-temperature phosphorescent carbon dots (CDs) in the presence of H2O2 is described. The electronic setup consists of a light-emitting diode (LED) as the carbon dot optical exciter and a photodiode as a light-to-current converter integrated in the same instrument. The reconfigurable feature provides adaptability to use the platform as an analytical probe for CDs coming from different batches with some variations in luminescence characteristics. The variables of the reaction were optimized, such as pH, concentration of reagents, and response time; as well as the variables of the portable device, such as LED voltage, photodiode sensitivity, and adjustment of the measuring range by a reconfigurable electronic system. The portable device allowed the determination of hemoglobin with good sensitivity, with a detection limit of 6.2 nM and range up to 125 nM.MINECO (Spain) CTQ2016-78754-C2-1-REuropean Union (EU

A versatile wearable based on reconfigurable hardware for biomedical measurements

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